Type 1 :
Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
Form : If + Smple present, will-future
Example : If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
Type 2 :
Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine "what would happen if..."
Form : If + Simple past, main clause with conditional I (=would + invinitive)
Example : If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
Type 3 :
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.
Form : If + Past Perfect, main clause with conditional II
Example : If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation. [1]
2. Wish
Ini digunakan untuk menyatakan PENGANDAIAN/PENGHARAPAN pada waktu lampau/menyesali sesuatu yang telah terjadi/menyesali karena tidak terjadi, walaupun itu semua hanya sebatas HARAPAN PENGANDAIAN saja, karena memang hal itu tidak terjadi pada waktu lampau, seperti yang DIHARAPKAN itu, hanya MENGANDAIKAN saja.
Untuk menyatakan hal yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau, yang jika dalam kalimat biasa/nyata digunakan verb-2; seperti DID dan SEJENISNYA (enjoyed, studied, visited, went dan saw), maka dalam kalimat subjunctive-nya atau ‘WISHES-nya ini dipakai bentuk past perfect; yaitu ‘HAD DONE’ dan SEJENISNYA {had enjoyed, had studied, had visited, had gone dan had seen) di depan Subject 2, atau sesudah kata ‘wish’.
Untuk to be; (WAS/WERE +NV=Non Verb/bukan kata kerja) pada WAKTU LAMPAU pada kalimat SEBENARNYA, maka pada kalimat subjunctive 'wishes'-nya ini digunakan bentuk LEBIH LAMPAU yaitu: HAD BEEN+NV=Non Verb.
Kesimpulan; Jika pada kalimat sebenarnya/keadaan SEBENARNYA itu dalam keadaan LAMPAU/past, maka dalam keadaan pengandaian ‘WISH’nya itu LEBIH LAMPAU/past perfect. [2]
Rumus :
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + (modal-2)+have +V3.
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + (modal-2) +have +been+NV
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + had +V3
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + had +been+NV
3. The Example
- She wishes her mother would come.
The fact : Her mother isn't here.
- He wishes his friend were here.
The fact : His friens isn't here.
- Sinta wishes her father had been here.
The fact : Her father haven't been here.
- Andy wishes his brother would have come.
The fact : His brother didn't come.
- She wished her mother had been here.
The fact : Her mother haven't been here.
- He wished his brother would have come.
The fact : His brother didn't come.
- He plays as if he were a professional.
The fact : He isn't a professional.
- She seemed as though she had worked hard.
The fact : She haven't worked hard.
- She talks as if she knew about polities.
The fact : She doesn't know about polities.
- I would rather she were here.
The fact : She isn't here.
- I would rather it had not been holiday yesterday.
The fact : I haven't been holiday. [3]
Source :
[1] http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
[2] http://basyirdotcom.blogspot.com/2010/10/kalimat-pengandaian6subjunctive.html
[3] http://rubahputih.blogspot.com/2011/04/subjunctive.html
Untuk menyatakan hal yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau, yang jika dalam kalimat biasa/nyata digunakan verb-2; seperti DID dan SEJENISNYA (enjoyed, studied, visited, went dan saw), maka dalam kalimat subjunctive-nya atau ‘WISHES-nya ini dipakai bentuk past perfect; yaitu ‘HAD DONE’ dan SEJENISNYA {had enjoyed, had studied, had visited, had gone dan had seen) di depan Subject 2, atau sesudah kata ‘wish’.
Untuk to be; (WAS/WERE +NV=Non Verb/bukan kata kerja) pada WAKTU LAMPAU pada kalimat SEBENARNYA, maka pada kalimat subjunctive 'wishes'-nya ini digunakan bentuk LEBIH LAMPAU yaitu: HAD BEEN+NV=Non Verb.
Kesimpulan; Jika pada kalimat sebenarnya/keadaan SEBENARNYA itu dalam keadaan LAMPAU/past, maka dalam keadaan pengandaian ‘WISH’nya itu LEBIH LAMPAU/past perfect. [2]
Rumus :
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + (modal-2)+have +V3.
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + (modal-2) +have +been+NV
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + had +V3
Subject 1+ wish (that) + subject 2 + had +been+NV
3. The Example
- She wishes her mother would come.
The fact : Her mother isn't here.
- He wishes his friend were here.
The fact : His friens isn't here.
- Sinta wishes her father had been here.
The fact : Her father haven't been here.
- Andy wishes his brother would have come.
The fact : His brother didn't come.
- She wished her mother had been here.
The fact : Her mother haven't been here.
- He wished his brother would have come.
The fact : His brother didn't come.
- He plays as if he were a professional.
The fact : He isn't a professional.
- She seemed as though she had worked hard.
The fact : She haven't worked hard.
- She talks as if she knew about polities.
The fact : She doesn't know about polities.
- I would rather she were here.
The fact : She isn't here.
- I would rather it had not been holiday yesterday.
The fact : I haven't been holiday. [3]
Source :
[1] http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
[2] http://basyirdotcom.blogspot.com/2010/10/kalimat-pengandaian6subjunctive.html
[3] http://rubahputih.blogspot.com/2011/04/subjunctive.html
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