Passive Voice

1. Definisi Passive Voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.


2. Bagaimana mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif?

Contoh :

• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
• Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:

1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.
   
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
   

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Subject + be + Verb₃ + by + Object + modifier

3. Contoh Kalimat

-Simple Present Tense

• Active : He meets them everyday.
• Passive : They are met by him everyday.

• Active : She waters this plant every two days.
• Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

-Smole Past Tense

• Active : He played football yesterday
• Passive : Football was played by him yesterday.

• Active : She read the book this morning.
• Passive : the book was read by her this morning.

-Present perfect tense

• Active : He has finished the test.
  
• Passive : The test has been finished by him.

• Active : She has punished the lazy boy.
  
• Passive : The lazy boy has been punished by her.
  

-Past perfect tense

• Active : He had tell them before I came.
• Passive : They had been told by him before I came.

• Active : She had sold this plant when I got here.
• Passive : This plant had been sold by her when I got here.

-Simple future tense

• Active : He will marry me tomorrow.
• Passive : I will be married by him tomorrow.

• Active : The Police will close the case this afternoon.
• Passive : The Case will be closed by The Police.

Sumber :
http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/active-and-passive-voice/